Influence of the Oligoribonucleotides-D-Mannitol Complexes on Upexpression of some Genes Induced by Influenza Virus in vivo

The influenza (flu) virus infection induces an upexpression of tlr3, tlr7, tlr8, nfκb1, nfκbiα, nos2, xdh and other genes in mice lunge. One of mechanisms of oligoribonucleotides-D-mannitol complexes (ORNs-D-M) anti-influenza activity is direct virucidal action by blocking hemagglutinin–glycan interactions and inhibiting neuraminidase activity of flu virus. However other mechanisms of the ORNs-D-M antiinfluenza activity have to be study. Current research was aimed at study of the ORNs-D-M effects on expression of the tlr3, tlr7, tlr8, nfkbia, nfnb1 nos2, xdh genes in mice lung under flu virus infection. To achieve this goal we applied a two-step RT-PCR assay. In mice lunge after 48 h flu infection it was detected the overexpression of all investigated genes compared to the healthy ones. The ORNs-D-M injection for prevention reduced the mRNA level of tlr3, tlr7, tlr8, nfkbia, nfnb1 nos2, xdh expression vs. the virus-infected mice. And the ORNs-D-M injection for treatment reduced the mRNA level of tlr3, tlr7, tlr8, nfkbia, nfnb1 nos2, xdh expression vs. the virus-infected mice. Our results show that the expression of all investigated genes is modulated by the ORNs-D-M after injection for prevention and treatment of the flu virus infection in vivo.


Introduction
Influenza virus is an important human pathogen, which causes worldwide epidemics and pandemics.The lung is one of the most widely investigated targets for influenza virus infection and potentially at high risk of injury mediated by oxygen-derived free radicals and lipid peroxidation products.
The influenza virus infection induces an upexpression of tlr3, tlr7, tlr8, nfκb1, nfκbiα, nos2, xdh and other genes in mice lunge.The nos2 and xdh upexpression causes overproduction of free radicals that lead to lung tissue damage.
The upexpression of nfκb1, nfκbiα genes induce incorrect regulation of NF-κB that regulates expression of the immune, inflammation genes and takes part in influenza viral replication.
During influenza viral replication, single stranded (ss RNA) and ds RNA are intermediate molecules which are recognized by the toll-like receptors 3, 7, 8, 9 (TLRs) which are expressed by cells of theinnate immunity including dendritic cells, natural killer cells andmacrophages as well as on respiratory epithelium and elsewhere.When activated, they trigger immune and inflammatory responses to respond to these infectious agents.
The oligoribonucleotides-D-mannitol complexes (ORNs-D-M) possess antiviral activity against the influenza virus in vitro and in vivo.One of mechanisms of the ORNs-D-M anti-influenza activity is direct virucidal action by blocking hemagglutinin-glycan interactions and inhibiting neuraminidase activity of influenza virus.However other mechanisms of the ORNs-D-M antiinfluenza activity have to be studied.

Materials & Methods
The mouse-adapted influenza virus A/FM/1/47(H1N1), 4.0 lg LD 50 The mRNA level of investigated genes was tested by RT-PCR assay.Samples were normalised to gapdh as a control.
The mRNA of nos2 has been detected to increase in 6.7 times in mice lung after 48 h influenza virus infection in compering to control.Increasing the mRNA of xdh in 2.8 and 4.8 times was detected after prevention and treatment with ORNs-D-M respectively in compering to control.These data indicate that both prevention and treatment with the RNA drugs can decrease the expression of nos2 during the influenza virus infection.
Effects of both prevention and treatment with the RNA drugs on the expression of xdh under influenza virus infection The mRNA level of xdh (xanthinoxidase) in mice lung.In mice lung after 48 h influenza virus infection the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) was found to be high by 48 % compared to control, whereas both prevention and treatment with the ORNs-D-M decreased the level of TBARS compared to influenza infected mice.These data indicate probable decrease of the protein level of nos2 and xdh genes during both prevention and treatment with the ORNs-D-M.
Effects of both prevention and treatment with the RNA drugs on the expression of nfkbiα under influenza virus infection The mRNA level of nfkbiα (NF-κB inhibitor α, IkB) in mice lung.Effects of both prevention and treatment with the RNA drugs on the expression of tlr3 under influenza virus infection The mRNA level of tlr3 (Toll-like receptors 3) in mice lung.

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The mRNA of tlr3 has been found to increase in 2.3 times in influenza virus infected mice lung vs control.Increasing the mRNA of tlr3 by 33% and in 1.8 times was detected after prevention and treatment with ORNs-D-M respectively in compering to control.These data indicate that the ORNs-D-M can decrease the expression of tlr3 at the influenza virus infection.
Effects of both prevention and treatment with the RNA drugs on the expression of tlr7 under influenza virus infection The mRNA level of tlr7 (Toll-like receptors 7) in mice lung.

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The mRNA expression of tlr7 increased in 6.5 times in influenza virus infected mice lung vs control.Whereas mRNA expression of this gene increased in 2.3 and 3 times in mice lunge after prevention and treatment with ORNs-D-M compared to control.These results show that the ORNs-D-M can also reduse the expression of tlr7 at the influenza virus infection.
Effects of both prevention and treatment with the RNA drugs on the expression of tlr8 under influenza virus infection The mRNA level of tlr8 (Toll-like receptors 8) in mice lung.

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Investigating the mRNA level of tlr8 we found the same tendency as during studding the mRNA level of tlr3, tlr7, nfkbia, nfnb1 nos2, xdh.The mRNA expression of tlr8 increased in 6 times in influenza virus infected mice lung vs control.Increasing the mRNA level of tlr8 in 2.5, 4.5 times respectively was observed in mice lunge after prevention and treatment with the ORNs-D-M of influenza virus infection vs control.These results demonstrate a decreasing the expression of tlr8 by the ORNs-D-M at influenza virus infection too.
• The expression of nos2, xdh, nfkbia, nfkb1, tlr3, tlr7, tlr8 genes is modulated by the ORNs-D-M injection for prevention and treatment of the influenza virus infection in vivo.
• The ORNs-D-M can be antagonists of the Toll-like receptors 3, 7 and 8.
prevention and treatment with the RNA drugs on the expression of nos2 under influenza virus infection that the mRNA of xdh increased in 18 times in mice lung after 48 h influenza virus infection in compering to control.However, the mRNA of xdh after prevention and treatment with ORNs-D-M increased in 7 and 9 times respectively vs control.These data indicate that both prevention and treatment with the ORNs-D-M can decrease the expression of xdh during the influenza virus infection.The level of TBARS in mice lung.Effects of both prevention and treatment with the RNA drugs on the level of LPO products under influenza virus infection of nfkbiα was observed in 4.3 times in influenza infected mice lung compared with control.Whereas mRNA expression of this gene increased in 2.4 times in mice lunge after treatment with ORNs-D-M and unchanged in mice lunge after prevention with ORNs-D-M compared to control.These results indicate that the ORNs-D-M can reduse the expression of nfkbiα at the influenza virus infection.Effects of both prevention and treatment with the RNA drugs on the expression of nfkb1 under influenza virus infectionThe mRNA level of nfκb1 (p50 subunit of NF-κB) in mice lung.mRNA level of nfkb1 we observed the same tendency as during studding of the nos2, nfkbia and xdh.During 48 h influenza virus infection the mRNA level of nfkb1 increased in 2.9 times and at both prevention and treatment with the ORNs-D-M of the influenza virus infection it increased in 1.3, 1.5 times respectively vs control.These data also indicate reducing the expression of nfkb1 by the ORNs-D-M under influenza virus infection.