The quality of urban surface water, access to clean and drinking water is a great challenge, resulting in water-borne diseases. In developing countries, they are not aware of the Geographical Information System (GIS) technology is still not utilized systematically. The aim of the study is to assess the surface water quality parameters and how they create health issues in the study area. This study reveals the surface water quality parameters by using principal component analysis (PCA) techniques with the help of Landsat 8 satellite imagery. Regular monitoring of environmental quality database produced by (GIS) can manage information from various sources such as point and nonpoint source, domestic, industrial, recreational activities, etc. and make spatial correlations with epidemiological data about time and space distribution of water-borne diseases. Medical GIS can easily detect the circulation and spread of disease across geographic regions to planning, policy, and water resource protection and avoid contamination. Remote sensing and GIS provides the highest quality mapping, data, and analysis of an ever-expanding scope has remained reliable. Using spatial analysis, it is probable to find the contaminating source. The study also has involved with the industrial and residential areas of Madurai urban region, to validate ground truth verification. The study will help to reveal the disease monitoring and surveillance systems, improving the distribution of health resources by predicting available health care accessibility and the source of pollution and it impacts on public health.