Beside its useful functions at very low concentrations, selenium including supplementary Se sources pose a potential toxicological risk. The toxicity of selenium species was tested in HaCaT cell culture and related nephrotoxicity in mice.

Stem cell line from human limbal area was established to study in vitro cell growth and response to the toxic effects of antibiotics used in ophthalmology in terms of cell migration rates and structure of interphase chromatin. Recovery from cellular damages caused by ophthalmologic antibiotics was mimicked by an in vitro scratch model and followed by time-lapse microscopy, scanning electronmicroscopy and chromatin image analysis. Experiments revealed that broad spectrum antibiotics, chloramphenicol (0.5-1.0mg/ml) and rifampicin (0.1-0.2mg/ml), corresponding to concentrations in common clinical practice, slowed down the regeneration process. Results show that nuclei of naturally occurring limbal cells contain the same intermediates of chromatin condensation as seen in mammalian tumor cells and follow the common pathway of chromosome condensation. These intermediates included decondensed veil-like chromatin, fibrillary chromatin, supercoiled ribbon, chromatin bodies, early linear forms and metaphase chromosomes. Upon chloramphenicol and rifampicin treatment characteristic distorsions took place in the intermediates of chromosome condensation. Damaging effects in limbal stem cells in the presence of chloramphenicol or rifampicin indicate that ophthalmologic treatment with antibiotics should be used cautiously.

In the recent decades spillover became a highly influential concept which initiated new theoretical approaches and methodological solutions aiming to understand how people attempt to reconcile their work and private life. The very notion spillover presupposes that these spheres are connected since the people who travel between them also bring certain ‘less visible’ elements with them such as cognitive or affective mental contents, skills, behaviours etc.. This paper attempts to give a fresh insight into what are the different areas, themes and methodologies in connection with this concept from the last ten years. Four main emerging categories are discussed based on the 76 academic articles selected: (1) general spillover research, (2) job flexibility and spillover, (3) individual coping strategies, and (4) the gender differences of the spillover effect. In the final section of the paper, we aim to give a tentative synthetisation of the main conclusions and results of the papers processed.

Malignant transformation is likely to render cells hyperploid, primarily tetraploid. We have measured the frequency of division into three rather than two daughter cells as a function of ploidy. Such trivisions were followed in near-tetraploid uveal melanoma (UM), hypotetraploid HaCaT (3 N), and in near-diploid (∼2 N) lung epithelial cell lines by time-lapse image analyses. A stepwise analysis of cytokinesis revealed higher frequency of cell trivisions relative to divisions in hyperploid HeLa (1:24, 4%), HaCaT (1:126, 8%), and UM (1:186, 0.5%) cells. The occurrence of trivision was significantly lower in near-diploid endothelial cells (1:1400, 0.07%). We have previously observed the phenomenon of trivision in HaCaT cells treated with heavy metal lead, and here we describe that trivision is a spontaneous process taking place without genotoxic treatment. Beside re-diploidization by trivision, the hyperploid state decreases the cell size of the daughter cells and is likely to increase the time of cytokinesis. On the basis of the results, it is hypothesized that among other cancer-related causes, hyperploidy could be related to cell trivision, could cause random aneuploidy, and could generate new cancer-specific karyotypes.