This study was conducted on the energy-absorbing characteristics of periodic two-dimensional square honeycomb sandwich structures, which were made from short sugar palm, kenaf, and pineapple leaf fibres (PALFs) reinforced with polylactic acid (PLA). Short fibres were mixed with PLA in a batch mixer at 180°C, with 20 wt% of fibre mass and 80 wt% of PLA pellets. The biodegradable sugar palm/PLA composite sheets underwent the hot compression process and were cut into single and double-slot square honeycomb panels. The slotting method was used to assemble the periodic two-dimensional square honeycomb sandwich structures. The biodegradable sugar palm/PLA composite and honeycomb sandwich structures underwent tensile and quasi-static compression tests. Finite element modelling was used to simulate the damage behaviour, which incorporates biodegradable composite properties and geometric imperfections. The results indicated a small decrement in tensile strength for the recycled sugar palm/PLA composite. It revealed that the double-slot design of the pineapple/PLA sandwich structure significantly increased by 1.33 times compared to the sugar palm/PLA sandwich structure. Moreover, it notably reduced the compressive strength of pineapple/PLA (66.4%) and sugar palm/PLA (31.5%) composite sandwich structure. Finite element modelling showed good agreement with experimental data, which had a 7.11% error in energy absorption parameters. It was concluded that these biodegradable composites have potential for specific energy-absorbing structures.

Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) is increasingly regarded as a promising green technology, offering significant environmental and economic benefits, including lower energy consumption, shorter extraction time, and reduced solvent usage. These advantages make UAE a sustainable alternative to conventional extraction techniques, especially in the field of natural product research. In the present study, UAE was employed to extract phenolic compounds from Verbascum sinuatum leaves. Several solvents were used to compare their efficiency in extracting bioactive compounds. The total phenolic content (TPC) of each extract was measured using the Folin–Ciocalteu method, while antioxidant activity was evaluated through the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay. Among all tested solvents, 50% ethanol proved to be the most effective, yielding 105.97 ± 3.97 µg of gallic acid equivalents (GAEs) per mg of dry extract. This extract also demonstrated high antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value of 163.65 ± 0.08 µg/ml, indicating strong free radical scavenging potential. These results suggest that UAE, particularly with hydroalcoholic solvents such as 50% ethanol, is highly efficient for recovering phenolic compounds from plant matrices. These findings are consistent with literature data, highlighting the potential of UAE to produce high-quality antioxidant agents in a short time compared to conventional extraction methods. UAE typically reduces extraction time from several days or hours to tens of minutes compared to maceration, as reported for various Verbascum species.

Endotoxins, the toxic substances derived from gram-negative bacterial cell lysis can be lethal even in the ng/Kg of body weight. The conventional method to detect LPS is Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test, which uses an enzyme found from the horseshoe crab, thereby endangering the species. In present work, Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) is the proposed method that addresses this ecological issue and provides a simple, a label-free, cost-effective, reliable, rapid, selective, and sensitive method is used to detect endotoxin (biochemically known as lipopolysaccharides; LPS). Chemometric method is used to analyse a larger SERS dataset. In this work, a positively charged Ag/Au bimetallic nanoparticles are prepared using reduction method and performed SERS experiments with excellent reproducibility of spectra and detection capabilty up to the limit of pg/mL. In this work, SERS detection of LPS extracted from three bacteria; E. coli, Salmonella Typhimurium and Pseudomonas sp bacteria, is carried out that eluciates SERS as a potential technique. In course of study, we optimize sampling protocol for getting reproducible SERS signal and find out biochemical marker band for LPS. Next SERS experiments is also carried out to discriminate and detect LPS in the presence of other biomolecules. Multivariate analysis is used to obtain semi-quantitative analysis.

Building materials are typically sourced from raw materials like rocks, fly ash, and soil, which naturally contain radioactive elements such as ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K. Since most people spend around 80% of their time indoors, managing indoor radiation exposure is essential to minimize health risks. This requires monitoringradioactivity concentrations in materials used in building construction and in concrete. This study investigated the natural radioactivity levels in some building concretes for this purpose. The concrete samples were taken from 14 different buildings in 12 different provinces of Türkiye and the radioactivity contents of these concrete samples were measured using a high-purity germanium detector (HPGe). It was found that the radioactivity concentrations in the concrete samples ranged from 1.32 (Çorum) to 47.44 Bq/kg (Manisa) for ²²⁶Ra, from 3.27 (Çorum) to 26.75 Bq/kg (Antalya) for ²³²Th, and from 17.74 (Bartın) to 171.73 Bq/kg (Samsun) for ⁴⁰K. The radioactivity concentrations found were compared with the values recommended by international organizations. In addition, in order to assess the radiation exposure of the occupants of the building concerned from natural radionuclides, radium equivalent activity (Raeq), external hazard index (Hex), representative level index (Iγ), absorbed dose rate (D), annual effective dose (AED), and lifetime cancer risk (LCR) values were calculated. This study has shown that there is no radiological risk for the occupants of the buildings in question.

The rising global production of biodiesel has led to a surplus of crude glycerol, which is a by-product accounting for about 10% of the biodiesel's weight. Crude glycerol contains various impurities, including methanol, soap, free fatty acids, water, and leftover reagents, which are often considered waste. Several methods have been explored to utilise this surplus, such as combustion for energy recovery, composting, animal feed, and purification. However, purification can be expensive and is often not economically viable. While there is growing interest in hydrogen production via the steam reforming of glycerol, there is a significant lack of detailed information and research on simulating this process using ChemCAD software. This study aimed to simulate the glycerol steam reforming (GSR) using ChemCAD, a process which converts crude glycerol from biodiesel into hydrogen. The process operates on a Gibbs free energy reactor, simulating GSR using the UNIFAC thermodynamic model under various conditions: temperatures ranging from 200°C to 1000°C, steam-to-glycerol mass ratios from 2:1 to 12:1, and a nickel catalyst maintained at 1 wt.%. The results demonstrate maximum glycerol consumption at temperatures above 600°C and at a steam-to-glycerol ratio of 6:1. The optimum conditions for achieving a hydrogen yield of 65.23% occur at 800°C and a ratio of 8:1 while minimising the formation of byproducts such as CO₂, CO, and CH₄. These findings provide valuable insights for optimising GSR processes and promoting the sustainable utilisation of renewable energy sources, thereby contributing to the circular economy and supporting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy).

Heat waves are among the most severe extreme climate events, with wide-ranging impacts on human health, agriculture, energy demand, and ecosystems. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a heat wave is a period of abnormally high temperatures lasting several days or longer, defined relative to local climate thresholds. Their main characteristics are duration (consecutive hot days), intensity (temperature anomalies above normal), and frequency (recurrence of events). Understanding these features is critical for anticipating summer energy demand, assessing agricultural water needs, and evaluating drought risks.

This study investigated the characteristics of heat waves in Egypt using long-term daily maximum and minimum temperatures from ERA5 reanalysis data (1990–2023). Heatwave events were detected for both daytime and nighttime conditions and analyzed in terms of duration, intensity, frequency, seasonal distribution, and temporal trends. The analysis also identified the most common periods of occurrence each year and evaluated whether heatwave activity has intensified in recent decades.

Results show pronounced interannual and seasonal variability in heatwave characteristics across Egypt. Several years—notably 2010, 2015, 2016, and 2021—stand out as exceptionally hot. Heatwaves were most frequent in late July through mid-August, while relatively uncommon during spring and autumn, underscoring their dominance in summer. Although the variability is high, the results suggest a growing tendency toward more frequent and intense heatwave events in recent years. These findings provide critical insights for energy management, agricultural planning, and climate adaptation strategies under a warming climate.

The most accurate setting of material behavior diagrams in finite element modeling (FEM) determines the accuracy of reproducing the real mechanism of structural failure under load. Therefore, the aim of this study was to find the optimal type of diagrams that would consider the nonlinear component and the peculiarities of National Standards.

This study used statistical analysis of the steel design parameters and the deformation-iteration method to determine the curve of dependence between stresses and strains in concrete.

When performing FEM of composite steel and concrete (СSC) structures in the ANSYS software package, it was found necessary to consider the plastic deformation in order to more accurately reflect the actual behavior of composite sections, based on the physical and mechanical properties of the materials, which would correlate with the current codes. As a result, parametric values of key points of the plastic section of the concrete performance diagram were obtained, which made it possible to simulate the post-critical stage of СSC columns under static and dynamic loads.

The resulting diagrams provide an appropriate representation of the materials' nonlinear properties with an accuracy of 5–7%, allowing for a correct assessment of limit states and optimal design decisions in terms of safety and cost-effectiveness.

Further research will help gather enough statistical data to train the neural network, which will make it way easier to check and evaluate the results of experiments on СSC structures.

Plastic pollution is a growing global concern, with microplastics (<5 mm) and nanoplastics (<1 μm) emerging as critical threats to coastal ecosystems due to their persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and capacity to adsorb toxic contaminants. This study investigates the prevalence, polymer composition, and particle size distribution of microplastics and nanoplastics in estuarine sediments within biodiversity-rich coastal zones. Sediment samples were collected seasonally from multiple sites representing varying degrees of anthropogenic influence, from pristine mangrove-fringed estuaries to heavily urbanised river mouths. Laboratory analysis employed density separation, enzymatic digestion, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for microplastic identification. At the same time, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterise nanoplastic fractions. Spatial mapping and statistical source apportionment were conducted to link contamination patterns with land-based activities, including industrial discharge, aquaculture, and urban runoff. An ecological risk index (ERI) was developed by integrating contaminant load, polymer toxicity profiles, and habitat sensitivity metrics. Results revealed that hotspots of plastic contamination coincided with high sediment organic content and reduced hydrodynamic flushing, suggesting localised retention zones. The proposed mitigation strategies—ranging from targeted sediment remediation to upstream waste reduction interventions—offer a practical framework for reducing plastic burdens in vulnerable coastal environments. The findings underscore the urgent need for integrated monitoring programs that account for both micro- and nano-scale plastic pollutants to inform ecosystem protection and policy development.

Introduction

Osmertinib, a third-generation EGFR-TKI inhibitor, is known as the first-line treatment for EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nevertheless, acquired resistance occurs with histological small-cell transformation in around 15% of cases. This necessitates the development of adjunctive strategies targeting a therapeutic vulnerability found in such phenotypic neuroendocrine progression; ferroptosis susceptibility. Ferroptosis is marked by increased intracellular free ferrous ion concentration, autocatalytic lipid peroxidation, and subsequent cell death. In such cases, the transformed cells exhibit dysregulated iron metabolism, creating a tumor microenvironment (TME) primed for Dauricine and Curcumin in regulating ferroptosis effectors – showing promise as a polytherapy regimen.

Methods

Articles were searched via PubMed and SCOPUS (2015-2025). Search terms included the following: “SCLC transformation”, “EGFR NSCLC”, “osmertinib resistance”. Final selection was made considering mechanistic implications to propose an integrative thematic model.

Results

Dauricine promotes polyamine catabolism and accumulation of ROS via SAT1 stabilization. Curcumin, a pro-autophagic agent downregulates circFOXP1, liberating miR-520a-5p, which decreases SLC7A11 activity. The net synergistic result is an increase in malondialdehyde, alongside impairment of GPX4-mediated antioxidant defense driven by enhanced ROS and glutathione depletion, overburdening the intrinsic antioxidant buffer capacity via positive feedback. Consequently, lipid peroxidation events propagate within the TME – a crucial hallmark of ferroptosis.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this novel strategy demonstrates therapeutic potential by targeting ferroptosis via metabolic and epigenetic nodes - with both compounds demonstrating overlapping modulatory activity, giving rise to possible synergism. This warrants further experimental validation of combined PK-PD parameters for this resistance phenotype using lung cancer xenografts.

The article investigates the structural behavior of closed monolithic rectangular tanks, constructed in a single technological process without interruptions or expansion joints, intended for application as floating platforms in inland waters. The research focuses on the assessment of their static performance under multiple load conditions, including hydrostatic pressure acting on the walls and bottom surfaces, as well as uniformly distributed loads applied to the upper plate. The structural analysis was conducted using the finite difference method formulated within an energy-based framework, assuming a Poisson’s ratio ν = 0. On this basis, computational results were obtained and presented in the form of diagrams that illustrate the variation of bending moments at characteristic locations of the tanks. The calculations were performed manually using custom-made spreadsheets. These diagrams provide insight into the load-bearing behavior of the system and allow identification of critical stress zones. Beyond the structural analysis, the study also includes verification of the buoyancy, overall stability, and metacentric height of a selected tank prototype fabricated for experimental evaluation. In this particular case, the influence of temperature variations and ice floe loads was additionally considered in order to simulate realistic operational conditions in inland water environments. The article concludes with photographic documentation of the pontoon prototype, demonstrating the practical implementation of the design. The results confirm that monolithic rectangular tanks exhibit favorable structural and hydrostatic characteristics, thereby validating their suitability as efficient and reliable structural units for floating platform applications.