Gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) are a common type of parasite found in cattle worldwide. It is important to evaluate the intensity of infection and identify the species present in order to reduce their frequency and choose effective anthelmintic treatments. However, assessment of GIN species is usually based on necropsies, which are costly and time-consuming. Faecal cultures are non-destructive, enabling species identification (Van Wyk et al., 2004) and monitoring at various times of year. However, it is unclear whether proportions based on larval cultures accurately reflect actual GIN infection, as few studies have attempted to relate GIN infection based on necropsy to infection established through larval cultures in faeces. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the proportions of species estimated from necropsies (adults) and faecal cultures (L3) in 29 grazing meat steers. The steers were 12–14 months old and originated from six commercial farms in the Pampas region of Argentina, around the town of General Pico. The animals had not received any anthelmintic treatments for at least the last three months. The animals were ready for commercialisation, and organs and faeces were collected at the slaughterhouse. The GIN species identified were as follows: Haemonchus placei, Ostertagia ostertagi, Cooperia oncophora, Cooperia punctata, Trichostrongylus axei, and Oesophagostomum radiatum. Linear regressions with the Napierian logarithm (Ln) were forced to zero (i.e. 0 larvae corresponded to 0 adults). These were the following:

H. placei: Ln adults = 0.75 Ln (L3 + 1) (R² = 0.84, P < 0.001)

O. ostertagi: Ln adults = 1.24 Ln (L3 + 1) (R² = 0.94, P < 0.001).

C.oncophora: Ln adults = 0.87 Ln (L3 + 1) (R² = 0.87, P < 0.001).

C.punctata: Ln adults = 0.68 Ln (L3 + 1) (R² = 0.74, P < 0.001).

T. axei: Ln adults = 1.42 Ln (L3 + 1) (R² = 0.78, P < 0.001).

O. radiatum: Ln adults = 0.38 Ln (L3 + 1) (R² = 0.16, P < 0.05).

All the regressions were significant. The proportions of species identified in faecal cultures can be used as an indicator of actual infection in cattle, except for O. radiatum.

Background:
Companion animal welfare is an overlooked but crucial dimension of sustainable tourism development. While attention has often been directed towards wildlife or farm animals, little is known about how the management of stray and owned companion animals influences destination image and tourist satisfaction. This study introduces the concept of animal lovers’ tourism, proposing it as a strategy that combines animal welfare improvement with sustainable destination branding.

Methods:
A mixed-methods design was employed. Quantitative data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to 1,000 international tourists visiting Crete in 2024–2025. Qualitative insights were derived from semi-structured interviews with stakeholders (tourists, shelter managers, municipal officers) and systematic on-site observations. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, regression models, and thematic coding.

Results:
Findings show that visible cases of abuse, neglect, or mismanagement of stray animals negatively affect visitors’ emotional responses and overall destination image (p < 0.01). Conversely, positive encounters with well-cared-for animals enhance satisfaction, increase revisit intentions, and promote positive word-of-mouth. The analysis also reveals an emerging demand for tourism experiences that actively involve animal welfare, such as volunteering in shelters, adoption networks, and animal-friendly accommodations.

Conclusions:
Animal lovers’ tourism can serve as a transformative model of sustainable development, aligning with the One Health framework by linking human well-being, animal welfare, and environmental sustainability. Policy recommendations include municipal strategies for stray animal management, partnerships between tourism operators and welfare organizations, and the integration of animal welfare into destination marketing. These findings provide a foundation for further research and practical implementation in Mediterranean destinations and beyond.

Introduction:
Animal-welfare governance is increasingly recognized as an essential component of One Health and One Welfare, particularly in tourism-dependent regions where visitor wellbeing and destination image are influenced by animal-related incidents. This study examines how the Municipal Police of Ierapetra, Crete, a municipality with consistently high levels of companion-animal registration (217 per 1,000 residents), functions as an evidence-based example of municipal One Health and One Welfare implementation.

Methods:
A mixed-methods case-study design was applied. Official operational records from the Municipal Police (3,500 animal-related cases from 2010 to 2024) were analyzed to assess enforcement activity, incident types, and welfare outcomes. In addition, 32 tourist testimonies collected from May to October 2024 were examined through reflexive thematic analysis to explore emotional responses, perceived safety, and trust in local authorities. Several participants referred spontaneously to experiences in other Cretan municipalities, providing naturalistic comparative material. Quantitative and qualitative findings were integrated through triangulation.

Results:
During 2024, the Municipal Police handled 566 animal-related cases, representing 40.3 percent of its annual workload, responded to 78 percent of urgent incidents within 24 hours, and provided direct or indirect assistance to approximately 1,850 animals. Tourist testimonies revealed a consistent emotional pattern: initial distress when witnessing mistreated or suffering animals, followed by clear relief and increased trust after municipal intervention. Participants frequently associated timely and humane action with a more positive perception of Ierapetra as a destination, while insufficient responses in other municipalities were linked to ongoing distress and reduced intention to revisit.

Conclusions:
The findings show that structured municipal enforcement can implement One Health and One Welfare in practice by improving animal-welfare outcomes, reducing visitor distress, and strengthening public trust. This case offers a transferable governance model for Mediterranean and European tourist destinations seeking to integrate animal-welfare management into sustainable tourism strategies.

Introduction

Recognizing animal abuse and assessing its extent is important, since animal abuse and maltreatment are the first steps to aggression against people. furthermore it is also an important basic question of animal welfare. Due to media coverage, a wider audience has been affected by the concept of animal protection. It is important to emphasize the right animal husbandry at a level which is understandable for the public, too.

Methods

This study considers in-depth interviews with people who are playing an active role in judging cases of animal abuse. A survey was made on the process of reporting cases of animal abuse observed by the public, and its interest in a new online animal abuse reporting system.

Results

Based on the interviews it is evident that powers are not clarified in animal abuse cases, so discourses are continous between authorities and civil animal rights activists. Based on the questionnaire’s responses, a significant proportion of the respondents are not aware which authority or organization should be contacted in cases of animal cruelty, and which in cases of observing poor living conditions. People would prefer to use reporting options available by phone.

Conclusion

The concept of animal abuse is different in administrative law than in criminal law, which the public may not necessarily be able to distinguish. This study has proposeda closed shemed online reporting intarface, which is beneficial in the judgement procedure. It has high priority on-the spot-recording during actions, and in the possible judgement procedures, a lot of money and time could be saved. A number of unnecessary measures could be reduced. This could strain off a great mass of false statements and could be lifesaving for animals: https://www.moonshot-test.com/allattudomanyi-concept/.

The present study aimed to assess the impact of vitrification on cumulus cell growth and nuclear maturation in bovine oocytes at different meiotic stages. Oocytes were divided into four treatment groups: positive control (immature fresh oocytes), negative control (immature oocytes exposed to CPA), immature vitrified, and mature vitrified. Heterogeneous cattle ovaries of unknown reproductive status were collected from a local abattoir and transported (37^oC) to the laboratory within 2 h of slaughter. The aspiration method was used to retrieve oocytes from the ovaries. Immature oocytes and mature oocytes were vitrified using a conventional straw vitrification method. The straws were pre-cooled by placing them horizontally on a Styrofoam rack above LN₂ vapour. Cryopreserved oocytes were then subjected to warming or thawing media and then immature vitrified oocytes were incubated in maturation medium for 22 h. Oocytes were evaluated for cumulus cell growth and nuclear maturation. Treatment means were compared using a least significant difference test. A high percentage of oocytes with fully expanded cumulus cells was recorded in the control group (83.1±12.0) and mature vitrified (77.2±14.0) group compared to the immature vitrified group (43.8±15.0; p< 0.05). Immature oocytes exposed to CPA (16.7±9.6) and the immature vitrified group (22.8±10.3) recorded a high percentage of oocytes with no cumulus cells expansion following maturation (p< 0.05). A high percentage of oocytes reaching metaphase I was recorded for immature oocytes exposed to CPA (54.2±19.3) and mature vitrified oocytes (60.3±12.4; p< 0.05). Both the control group and immature vitrified group recorded a high percentage of oocytes reaching metaphase II (48.5±6.0; 42.3±7.8), respectively, compared to the matured vitrified oocytes (29.2±13.2; p< 0.05). In conclusion, the results demonstrate that vitrifying bovine oocytes during the immature stage results in a higher maturation rate post-warming, indicating that the immature stage is more suitable to effective oocyte cryopreservation.

This paper intends to explore two distinct approaches in environmental ethics, namely, Individualism and Holism in the light of interconnected ethical frameworks of Animal-centrism and Eco-centrism. The unprecedented rate of material progress brought about by modernity has given rise to environmental crisis. Though the crisis urgently calls for viable solutions towards sustainable development, in the long term it urges overcoming anthropocentrism that has largely justified destruction-backed development. For most of Western philosophy, Ethics as a branch of Philosophy had remained the exclusive domain of humans. Non-human entities being relegated into categories devoid of moral worth therefore came to be viewed as a means to human ends. It was only after witnessing the 1960s environmental crisis that marked the onset of debate about humanity’s ethical obligations to nature. These intensive debates led to the birth of environmental ethics. Environmental ethics accordingly offers two contrasting approaches for understanding moral value of non-human entities in the form of Individualism and Holism. Individualism focuses on the rights and moral significance of individual beings. Animal Centrism expressed in the works of philosophers Peter Singer and Tom Regan is the systematic expression of Individualism. Animal Centrism argues that the well-being of individual animals, with their capacity for suffering, should be prioritized, over the needs of ecosystems. In contrast Holism takes the whole of nature as having ethical significance. Land Ethics appeared as an influential essay in the 1949 seminal work of American philosopher Aldo Leopold, the hallmark expression of Holism. Emphasizing interconnectedness of all components within ecosystems, it asserts that the well-being of the whole system must be prioritized over the welfare of its individual elements. This critical examination of the above two divergent perspectives offers a nuanced understanding of our moral obligations towards the environment, which is important to address the looming crisis.

Introduction:
Birds depend profoundly on auditory perception for essential behaviours such as communication, navigation, predator avoidance, and social interaction. Vocalization plays a central role in these functions and is closely linked to their sensory ecology. However, the intensifying presence of anthropogenic and urban noise is transforming natural soundscapes, interfering with birds' ability to perceive and produce acoustic signals. This research examines how varying levels of human disturbance affect vocal communication in birds across contrasting environments, from densely urbanized areas to undisturbed forest habitats.

Methods:
Acoustic data (natural sound recordings) were collected using high-sensitivity recording systems from multiple sampling points representing a gradient of urbanisation. We used urban, suburban, and rural and forest areas for the collection of the acoustic data. Geographic Information System (GIS) tools were used to integrate landscape features.

Results:

Preliminary findings substantiate our fundamental hypothesis and effectively suggest that bird vocal communication frequencies and interactive calling bouts are significantly affected by human-made artificial sounds. However, it is a fact that collective bird calling can be considered a behavioural marker of migration from extreme to moderate to less urban areas. However, to substantiate this kind of hypothesis, it is important to have a long-term study on the collective vocalizing intricacies in birds. The results imply a high potential for acoustic masking in urbanized environments, where anthropogenic noise may interfere with birds' ability to perceive and transmit vocal signals effectively.

Conclusions:
The frequency- and intensity-dependent variation in bird calling supports our hypothesis that urban noise disrupts avian communication, or collective bird calling in the ecosystem becomes masked by the mechanical soundscape. In this changing soundscape, the bird’s voices echo a melodious melancholia—a poignant prelude to the possibility of a future “silent spring”.

The cauda epididymis offers mature sperm for postmortem retrieval and cryopreservation, requiring effective retrieval techniques and equilibrium durations for successful cryopreservation. This study evaluated the impact of retrieval techniques and equilibration durations on cauda epididymal sperm quality from Bos indicus bulls. Testes from thirty-two bulls were collected at a slaughterhouse postmortem, transported at 5 °C, and sperm were retrieved 6 hours after slaughter using either retrograde flushing or the slicing float-up technique with an egg yolk citrate extender (fraction A). Samples were equilibrated for either 120 or 240 minutes at 5 °C; subsequently, they were diluted at 1:1 with fraction B (with 12% glycerol), loaded in 0.25 mL straws, and cryopreserved using liquid nitrogen vapour. Sperm motility and velocity traits were evaluated post-retrieval, post-equilibration, pre-freezing, and post-thaw with the aid of a computer-assisted sperm analysis system. Across all stages, the retrograde flushing technique significantly yielded sperm with higher total motility, progressive motility, and velocity indices (curvilinear velocity, straight line velocity, and time average velocity) in comparison to slicing float-up technique samples (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, samples equilibrated for 240 minutes had sperm with higher total motility, progressive motility, and velocity indices (curvilinear velocity, straight line velocity, and time average velocity across all stages in comparison to 120 minutes of equilibration (P < 0.05)). Thus, bull cauda epididymis sperm quality remained satisfactory when using the retrograde flushing retrieval technique and equilibration for 240 minutes.

Introduction

Artificial Light at Night (ALAN) is an increasingly prevalent anthropogenic issue that alters circadian rhythms and induces neuro-behavioural issues in several animals. Self-grooming or grooming in mammals is a robust, innate behaviour which is established as an indicator of neurological stress. The present study aimed to examine the effect of ALAN on the grooming behavioural pattern in domestic cats.

Methods

The research follows an approach to assessing grooming activity patterns over time under normal conditions at day and ALAN exposure. The artificial light was normal house LED light with an intensity of about 40 lux (on average). Behavioural data were collected through video recordings conducted twice daily. Videos were analysed to quantify grooming frequency, duration, and type (licking, scratching with limbs, or scratching with mouth/teeth).

Results

Preliminary analyses revealed that frequency of grooming bouts increased notably under ALAN or prolonged night light exposure, in compared to natural daylight conditions. Cats, regardless of gender, preferentially rest in shaded regions when exposed to ALAN, suggesting avoidance of artificial light exposure behaviour. Among grooming types, licking dominated over scratching.

Conclusions

The findings indicate that ALAN elicits neuro-behavioural stress responses in domestic cats, reflected through the heightened grooming activity and light-avoidance behaviour. The pronounced increase in nocturnal grooming under artificial illumination indicates that chronic exposure to nightlight, can potentially cause circadian disruption and manifest stress-related behavioural patterns. Furthermore, it is of evolutionary importance that how the domesticated cats adapt to light pollution. Research integrating physiological stress markers could clarify the mechanistic links between ALAN exposure and altered stress-related behaviour in cats.

Regenerative agriculture (RA) is a system of agricultural practices that integrates livestock into holistic farming systems to restore ecosystems and improve soil health. Pasture diversity can influence the nutritional quality of animal products. Milk terpenes are bioactive compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity that could also serve as biomarkers of animal diet. This study aimed to assess how RA pasture feeding practices influence the terpene profile of goat milk. Milk samples were collected from two farms: one with fully established RA practices (FARM-A, including cover cropping, rotational grazing) and another transitioning to RA (FARM-B). For FARM-B, milk was analysed before (goats mainly fed concentrate including alfalfa, maize, oat, wheat, beat pulp, sunflower meal, etc.) and after a grazing season (minimum of 5 days in pasture, 50% concentrate allowance plus pasture with ryegrass and a mixture of clovers). Terpenes were extracted by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), determining a total of eight terpenes: α-pinene, α-phellandrene, β-pinene, limonene, β-caryophyllene, p-cymene, α-copaene, and α-caryophyllene. Limonene, α-pinene, p-cymene, and β-caryophyllene were present in both farms. FARM-A samples also contained α-copaene, α-caryophyllene, and α-phellandrene, which were not present in FARM-B (both before and after RA pasture). FARM-B samples also contained β-pinene, which, along with p-cymene, significantly increased with grazing. Higher levels of α-pinene, α-copaene, α-caryophyllene, and β-caryophyllene were found for the pasture-fed goat milk of FARM-A compared with the samples before pasture of FARM-B. These findings suggest that a gradual transition from conventional feeding to grazing may be sufficient to increase terpene levels in goat milk. However, considering the small sample size and short duration of the study, further studies with larger sample sizes and longer feeding periods are required to confirm these observations.