The Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) as a major pest that affects the yield and quality of corn in Heilongjiang Province, China. Due to the popularization of corn varieties and the continuous improvement of cultivation techniques, Asian corn borer has migrated to a high degree with the change of corn planting area and climate. In this study, 14 pairs of primers were screened by the Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) molecular marker method, and the genetic structure of 22 natural populations of Asian corn borer collected from different accumulative temperature areas in Heilongjiang Province were analyzed. The data showed that the total genetic diversity (Ht) was 0.3236, within the population the genetic diversity (Hs) was 0.2094, while the differentiation level (Gst) between populations was 0.3531, and the gene flow (Nm) of individuals in each generation among populations was 0.9161. The results showed that the total genetic variation of the Asian corn borer mainly came from between populations, and they had a high number of individual migration with different populations, and the gene exchange was frequent. In addition, the genetic distance of the population was analyzed by cluster analysis combined with UPGMA method, the results showed that the Asian corn borer changed from the first accumulated temperature belt (> 2700 ℃) to the sixth accumulated temperature belt (< 1900 ℃), and the corn borer in the adjacent accumulated temperature zone had a higher genetic similarity coefficient, and the lower the genetic similarity between populations with the decrease of regional daily accumulated temperature.This research revealed that Asian corn borer adapted to the lower temperature field ecological environment in order to follow the host corn, and then produced changes in genetic diversity and structure, which had expanded from the first and second accumulated temperate belts to the fifth and sixth accumulated temperate belts.