In this study, we investigated the preparation of char and activated carbon (AC) materials derived from water bottles and bottle waste collected at a waste collection point in Tunisia. The materials were synthesized using a rotary horizontal tubular furnace on a lab/pilot scale and through chemical activation. Characterization of the carbon materials was performed using nitrogen adsorption isotherms at 77K and SEM-EDX analysis.

Furthermore, we examined the effectiveness of the ACs in removing the antibiotics 4-amino-N-(5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)benzenesulfonamide (sulfamethoxazole - C₁₀H₁₁N₃O₃S) and 5-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine (trimethoprim) from aqueous solutions. The results revealed a maximum adsorption capacity of 108.17 mg g^-1 (85.34%) for sulfamethoxazole and 98.11 mg g^-1 (89.73%) for trimethoprim on the PET-KOH-1:1-800°C sample.

Additionally, we analyzed the adsorption kinetics, fitting the data to pseudo-first and -second-order models, and studied the equilibrium isotherms using the Langmuir and Freundlich equation models. These findings suggest significant potential for the application of ACs derived from plastic bottle waste in the treatment of wastewater containing antibiotics.

Overall, our study highlights the feasibility of utilizing waste materials for the synthesis of valuable carbon-based adsorbents with promising adsorption capabilities. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts towards sustainable waste management and environmental remediation.