The European textile industry, with its rich history and innovative production technologies, is in great demand worldwide and is experiencing growth in production and trade. Due to the high demand for resources and the large production volumes, this sector has a very strong impact on the environment. The high pollution of air, water and soil in the production of goods should make the textile industry aware of the need for sustainable use of natural resources. In order to reduce the harmful effects of the production of goods and services on the environment, the United Nations developed a global project to make our world more peaceful, social, healthier and fairer. This project has been adopted by the member states of the United Nations and incorporated into national regulations and guidelines. The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) help various organizations draw attention to global problems and promote sustainable production and development. The goals are slated to be achieved by 2030, and companies worldwide have the opportunity to make a contribution to this movement. This review provides an overview of the implementation of these Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by European textile and apparel companies. It also gives an update on their commitment to the goals. Statistical data on the situation of the textile industry in the European Union as well as information on the environmental and social impacts provide further facts on this topical issue.