Composites are restorative materials that have evolved in recent years, becoming part of a new group of materials known as bioactive materials. These materials generate an ionic exchange with dental structure, promoting remineralization and preventing bacterial activity. This study aimed to determine the bacterial inhibition of different restorative composites on S. mutans group.
Field strains of S. mutans were used and isolated in our laboratory (LABOFOUNT) and confirmed by reference strains ATCC. Nanohybrid Composite Filtek Z350 (3M ORAL CARE), Nanohybrid Composite Filtek Bulkfill (3M ORAL CARE) (traditional composites) and Alkasite N Cention Composite (Ivoclar Vivadent), and ACTIVA Bioactive Restorative Composite (Pulpdent) (bioactive composites) were evaluated. They were prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions, following standardized biosafety protocols. Test bodies were fabricated using Teflon molds, following laboratory protocols.
Two inhibition studies were performed at different times, in both cases, the samples were studied in triplicate. 50 μl of S. mutans inoculum at 0.5 McFarland scale was seeded in SB20M medium, circular perforations of 4mm in diameter and 2mm in depth were made for the placement of composites and controls (negative: 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate and positive: sterile distilled water), incubated at 37°C in a candle jar for 48 hours. Subsequently, the inhibition halos were measured with a digital caliper under a stereoscopic magnifying glass.
Inhibition halos of 18,2 mm and 18,4 mm average values corresponding to the two studies were measured for the negative control, while values of 6,9 and 7,1 mm were obtained for Alkasite N. Cention Composite. No inhibition halos could be determined for the other materials.
In this study, only Alkasite N Cention Composite inhibited S. mutans bacterial growth. It is suggested to conduct inhibition studies in relation to the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and colony-forming unit (CFU) count to further evaluate the effect of bioactive composites on S. mutans.
