Using pesticides in Chile has increased crop production and agricultural exports. However, this benefit has challenges, particularly regarding public and environmental health, due to the indiscriminate use of Highly Hazardous Pesticides (HHPs). Our study aimed to evaluate the national surveillance program for pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables in Chile between 2015 and 2023. The official data were obtained from the Agricultural and Livestock Service of Chile. The total samples evaluated were 9145, of which 2634 and 6511 were vegetables and fruits, respectively. According to Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO), we classified HHPs into eight groups: pesticide formulations (PFs) or active ingredients (AIs) classes IA or IB; carcinogenic pesticides that meet criteria IA and IB of the Globally Harmonized System on Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS); PFs and AIs that meet criteria of mutagenesis IA and IB of the GHS; PFs and AIs that meet the criteria of mutagenicity IA and IB of the GHS; PFs and AIs that meet the requirements of reproductive toxicity IA and IB of the GHS; PFs and AIs listed by the Stockholm Convention in its annexes A and B; PFs and AIs listed by the Rotterdam Convention in its annexes III; PFs and AIs listed under the Montreal Protocol; and PFs and AIs that have shown adverse effects on human health or the environment. The results show that from 1449 currently authorized pesticides, 193 formulations are categorized as HHPs. Our evaluation of all samples shows that fenhexamid, lambda-cyhalothrin, captan, and iprodione have 12,3%, 5,2%, 4.7%, and 3.2% appearances, respectively, in fruit and vegetables. The results demonstrate the importance of strengthening Chile's pesticide regulation and surveillance programs. It is essential to align with international standards to protect human health and the environment.