Black cumin, or Nigella sativa (N. sativa), is a herb with potent therapeutic qualities that has been used for a very long time in traditional medicine. The therapeutic properties of the active ingredient, thymoquinone, against a wide range of illnesses have been thoroughly investigated. N. sativa has recently been shown to have potential beyond its conventional usage in controlling HIV/AIDS. This suggests that N. sativa could be a beneficial adjuvant therapy, although further validation is needed. Furthermore prized for their strong antioxidant qualities, N. sativa seeds are good choices for dietary supplements with little negative impact. When used with traditional chemotherapeutic medicines, N. sativa has demonstrated the capacity to improve treatment outcomes while possibly reducing the toxicity associated with concurrent drug administration. The bioactive substances present in N. sativa seeds and oil are thoroughly examined in this review, which also provides insights into their evolving functions as functional foods and nutraceuticals as well as their historical medical uses. Research demonstrates how well N. sativa works to heal long-term illnesses like inflammation, cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and neurological disorders. Its extensive therapeutic potential is further demonstrated by its efficiency against a variety of infectious disorders caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. Future research endeavors aim at delving deeper into the medicinal and biological mechanisms of N. sativa, paving the way for optimized therapeutic strategies and innovative treatment modalities. By elucidating its molecular pathways and pharmacological actions, researchers seek to harness the full therapeutic potential of N. sativa.