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Effect of different stabilisers on physicochemical, rheological and microstructural properties of chickpea-based yogurt
* 1 , 2 , 2
1  Universiti Putra Malaysia
2  Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Academic Editor: Joana Amaral

Abstract:

The primary challenge in producing plant-based yogurt analogues (YAs) lies in achieving textural and rheological qualities comparable to those of dairy-based yogurt, due to differences in their nutritional compositions. This study aims to evaluate the effect of different types of stabilisers on the physicochemical, rheological and microstructure properties of chickpea-based yogurt. The samples included 0.5% commercial stabiliser, 0.5% LBG, combinations of 0.5% locus bean gum (LBG) + 0.5% pectin, and 0.5% LBG + 0.5% corn starch, while yogurt with no stabiliser served as the negative control. Results indicated a significant difference in protein content between raw chickpeas and other samples (p<0.05) in terms of crude protein determination. The pH levels of the negative control and LBG + CS significantly differed from those of other samples (p<0.05). Syneresis development over 14 days was significantly lower (p<0.05) in samples containing a combination of 0.5% LBG + 0.5% pectin. A significant increase in yogurt viscosity (p<0.05) was observed in samples with 0.5% LBG, 0.5% LBG + 0.5% pectin, and 0.5% LBG + 0.5% corn starch. Firmness and consistency were significantly enhanced with 0.5% LBG + 0.5% corn starch. In steady-shear measurements, all samples exhibited shear thinning behavior, where viscosity decreased as the shear rate increased. Yogurt containing 0.5% LBG + 0.5% pectin exhibited only a slight difference in overall quality compared to that with 0.5% LBG. All samples exhibited an amorphous-type molecular structure based on scanning electron microscopy. This finding indicates that the combination of LBG and pectin or corn starch has a synergistic effect, significantly enhancing the quality of chickpea-based yogurt. In conclusion, each stabilizer significantly influenced yogurt's characteristics in different ways. This research suggests further optimization of production conditions for chickpea YAs and extensive evaluation of yogurt qualities.

Keywords: Plant-based yogurt; Non-dairy yogurt; Corn starch; Locust bean gum; Pectin

 
 
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