Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) represents a formidable subtype of breast cancer, characterized by the absence of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and HER2 protein. This phenotype presents significant treatment challenges due to its aggressive nature and lack of targeted therapies. Consequently, there has been an intensified focus on novel therapeutic strategies, including vaccination approaches, which hold promise in eliciting robust anti-tumor immune responses. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of current vaccination strategies employed in the management of TNBC. It explores various vaccine platforms, such as peptide-based, dendritic cell-based, viral vector-based, and virus-like nanoparticle (VLP)-based vaccines, highlighting their mechanisms of action. Furthermore, this review examines the role of neoantigen vaccines, which leverage tumor-specific mutations to enhance immune specificity and efficacy, and combination strategies that integrate vaccines with other modalities, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and conventional chemotherapies, to potentiate anti-tumor responses and overcome immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments. Emerging trends, such as personalized vaccination approaches tailored to individual patient tumor profiles, are evaluated for their potential to revolutionize TNBC treatment paradigms. Additionally, we address the challenges and limitations faced in vaccine development, including antigen selection, delivery methods, and the heterogeneity of TNBC. This review concludes with future perspectives on optimizing vaccine-based therapies and their integration into standard TNBC treatment regimens. By synthesizing current research and clinical advancements, this review aims to provide a detailed understanding of vaccination strategies in TNBC, underscoring their potential to improve patient outcomes and contribute to the ongoing battle against this aggressive cancer subtype.