Knee joint injuries, including those affecting the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), meniscus, and cartilage, present significant challenges in sports medicine and orthopedics. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these injuries is essential for developing effective therapeutic strategies. This systematic review explores the cell biology of knee joint injuries, focusing on the effects of early mechanical loading. We examine diffierent types of knee injuries, cellular responses to mechanical loading, the signaling pathways involved, and implications for treatment and rehabilitation. This comprehensive synthesis aims to provide insights into optimizing rehabilitation protocols and developing novel therapeutic approaches.

Knee joint injuries are prevalent among athletes and the general population, often resulting from trauma, overuse, or degenerative processes. The knee joint, a complex and critical structure for mobility, is susceptible to various injuries, including ligament tears, meniscal damage, and cartilage degradation. Among these, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are particularly common and frequently require surgical intervention. Recent research has underscored the importance of early mechanical loading in the rehabilitation process, which can significantly influence cellular responses, tissue repair, and remodeling. This review systematically examines current knowledge on the cellular mechanisms affected by early mechanical loading in knee joint injuries, providing valuable insights into potential therapeutic strategies.