Fluoro-edenite (FE) is an asbestiform mineral fiber identified in lava rocks extracted from a quarry in Biancavilla, Italy. The material derived from these rocks has historically been utilized for construction purposes in the area, exposing the local population to potential health risks. Previous research has demonstrated that asbestos exposure can trigger autoimmune responses, including an increased frequency of anti-nuclear autoantibodies (ANAs). This study aimed to investigate the potential link between exposure to FE and autoimmune reactions in a population at risk.
A total of 120 participants, comprising 60 residents of Biancavilla and 60 individuals from a control group, were randomly selected for inclusion. All of the participants underwent complimentary medical evaluations, including spirometry and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) chest scans, to assess potential respiratory or pleural abnormalities. Their ANA levels were determined via indirect immunofluorescence, a reliable method for detecting autoimmune activity. No clinical signs or symptoms of illness were observed in any participant during the medical examination. ANA positivity was detected in 70% (n=42) of the exposed subjects compared to 25% (n=15) of the control group (p<0.05). Pleural plaques (PPs) were identified in 21 (30%) of the exposed individuals and in 2 (3%) of the controls, with all PP-positive subjects also testing positive for ANAs.
These findings suggest a significant association between FE exposure and elevated ANA levels, mirroring observations in populations exposed to asbestos fibers. Furthermore, the co-occurrence of PP and ANA positivity highlights the need for further exploration into the potential relationship between environmental exposure to asbestiform fibers and autoimmune dysregulation. This study provides a foundational step for future research into the health effects of FE exposure and its broader implications for public health.