Introduction
Garlic (Allium sativum) is a widely used spice and is one of the world's oldest and most consumed bulbs. Garlic has been found to contain a multitude of phytochemical compounds, which have been identified as the causative agents for its unique properties.
The inoculation of garlic with endemic microorganisms, such as Trichoderma, has been demonstrated to possess the capacity to facilitate the restructuring and stimulation of plant growth and secondary metabolite production. This process occurs in both optimal conditions and under diverse biotic and abiotic stressors. Nevertheless, further research is required to determine the impact of these microorganisms on garlic's antimicrobial compounds, with a particular focus on their activity against human pathogens.
The present study aims to investigate the impact of the application of endemic microorganisms on the antimicrobial property of garlic extracts against human pathogens. In addition, it aims to investigate the potential mechanism of action of bioactive compounds through molecular docking.
Methodes
The present study involved the cultivation of garlic in a greenhouse and inoculation with three Trichoderma strains, including T1:TMSKOLDZ20, T2:TMS11DZ15, and T3:TMS5DZ15. Following harvesting, the extracts at varying concentrations (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25%) were evaluated for their antimicrobial effect against human pathogens from each sample. The binding capabilities of garlic compounds were studied using in silico molecular docking to inhibit the outer membrane protein of Salmonella typhi.
Results
The T3 and T2 treatments have been shown to possess significantly superior antimicrobial activity in comparison to the other treatments under investigation. Furthermore, among the garlic phytochemicals examined, γ-glutamyl-S-allylcysteine demonstrated the strongest binding affinity against Salmonella typhi. This suggest that Trichoderma asperellum may have the capacity to increase the levels of γ-glutamyl-S-allylcysteine in garlic.
Conclusion
Strains T3 and T2 have the potential to serve as promising sources for the development of natural alternatives to conventional antibiotics.
