Ships are highly advanced marine structures that incorporate state-of-the-art technologies. Nevertheless, they still depend on outdated systems in certain critical areas, such as escape lighting. Escape lighting systems are vital components of shipboard safety infrastructure. However, conventional systems rely heavily on decentralized battery-powered luminaires and manual testing, leading to high maintenance costs and environmental burdens. This study addresses these challenges through an engineering-driven redesign of escape lighting systems. A novel system architecture was developed, integrating photovoltaic energy sources with centralized battery storage and Automatic Testing Systems (ATSs) compliant with the IEC 62034 standard. The system interfaces with both main and emergency power networks, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and minimizing battery usage. Engineering simulations and operational data indicate a 20% reduction in fuel oil consumption per escape light and a threefold decrease in maintenance costs over a vessel’s lifecycle. For a standard vessel equipped with 350 luminaires, the system demonstrates significant operational efficiency and environmental benefits, including reduced emissions and hazardous waste. This work exemplifies how ocean engineering innovations can enhance vessel safety while promoting sustainability. The integration of renewable energy and automated diagnostics into critical shipboard systems represents a forward-looking approach to marine engineering, aligning with global goals for greener maritime operations. Moreover, the proposed system supports compliance with evolving maritime regulations and offers a scalable solution adaptable to various vessel types and operational profiles.