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Agricultural fairs: The tension between spectacle and the ethics of care
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1  Department of Humanities, Ca Foscari University, Venezia, 30123, Italy
Academic Editor: Colin Scanes

Abstract:

Recognizing the consciousness and emotions of animals fundamentally shifts the way we perceive them. Despite this understanding, many common agricultural practices serve as mechanisms that actively obscure animal suffering. This normalization of actions that induce pain, risk, or profound stress allows the underlying discomfort to become invisible. Agricultural fairs are central events for livestock farming, primarily functioning as showcases for superior animal genetics. Drawing from qualitative, ethnographic fieldwork conducted during visits to three agricultural fairs in Brazil and one in Colombia, this study aimed to critically examine these venues as complex settings where the technical implementation of farm animal welfare often collides with tradition, spectacle, and economic valuation. The analysis focuses on Angus cattle. Observations documented the environmental conditions to which animals were subjected, as well as the embodied practices and human–animal interactions during judging sections. Several constraints to animal welfare were identified, such as (1) the presence of elevated noise levels, (2) constant artificial illumination, (3) limited access to feed and water, and, occasionally, (4) a lack of adequate shelter within the holding pens. Observations also highlighted conditions that illustrate a complex dynamic of control and dominance in human–animal relationships: (5) animals were managed using nose rings, and, notably, (6) a striking or 'slap' was even used to identify the winning specimen during judging events. A particularly concerning finding was the (7) exhibition and judgment of late-term pregnant cows or heifers. This practice sometimes results in cows giving birth prematurely or under highly unsuitable, public conditions. The intense natural event of a birth is thus co-opted into the spectacle, normalizing an unacceptable level of risk and distress for animals. When considered alongside additional, unexamined constraints, agricultural fairs emerge as socio-cultural spaces where embodied human authority and spectacle are normalized at the expense of animal welfare.

Keywords: farm animal welfare; cattle genetics; human-animal relationship; South American Agri-fairs
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