Chloroquine (CQ) analogues are the most important scaffolds used as an anti-malarial drug, and helping human world to control and eradicate malaria for decades. Biologically, it is expected that CQ is selectively deposited in the food vacuole of the parasite, and exerting its antimalarial effect by preventing the polymerization of the toxic heme. Researchers are involved in synthesizing a number of CQ analogues to overcome its drug-resistance properties but still the toxicity has been a major problem with many of them. Nevertheless, the question of whether this problem can be overcome remains of great interest. Our vision is thus to continue with this approach, we have synthesized more hydrophilic derivatives which are likely to be less toxic 4-aminosubstituted-7-chloroquinolines analogous. Our previous experience says that the production of this class of compounds is not a problem, but purification of these quinoline analogues are very challenging.

            After synthesizing a series of more hydrophilic derivatives which were biologically potent, we have synthesized a series of Chloro- and Cyano- substituted quinoline-triazole conjugates and other lipophilic antimalarial scafolds in competitive yield. These quinoline-triazole analogues were showing good to moderate In vitro antimalarial activity against P. falciparum (CQS-10 & CQR-K1 strain) and also showing β-haematin inhibition activity. For synthesizing quinoline-triazole conjugates, we have synthesized amine-triazole counterpart first and then coupled with the 4,7-Dichloro or 4-Chloro-7-Cyano-quinoline. These compounds are well characterized by NMR, mass, IR and other analytical tools. These compounds will be submitted for testing against CYP3A4, an enzyme important in drug metabolism inhibition which is often related to adverse drug effects and for hERG liability. In vitro antimalarial activity will be measured in chloroquine sensitive and resistant P. falciparum and drug metabolism tested in mice. At the same time association with Fe(III)PPIX and β-haematin inhibition and then that you will be testing various biological properties in the future.

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