The impact of climate warming on the phenology of ground beetles in the Northern Baikal region

Changes in environmental factors affect natural phenological patterns. In the Northern Baikal region, the main drivers of climate change are air temperatures. Average annual air temperatures for the study period 2005–2020 increased by 0.4 °C, while the level of atmospheric precipitation remained the same. Changes in the temperature regime led to shifts in the phenological seasons of the year. The beginning of the spring-summer season began to outpace the average long-term dates, and the onset of the autumn-winter seasons began to lag behind. The biological summer has increased by 7–8 days. Phenological shifts in the calendar seasons of the year affect the vital processes of ectothermic plant and animal species. The kinetics of phenological shifts has been studied. Using the example of the dominant species of ground beetles of the Barguzinsky Reserve, we present a method for determining the rate and direction of phenological shifts in the stages of seasonal activity.