In vitro inhibitory effects on pancreatic lipase and α-glucosidase activity by extracts and fractions of Lavandula angustifolia L. from Southern Italy

Lavandula angustifolia is one of the most popular medicinal plants, rich source of bioactive compounds. Most of the studies on lavender had focused on its essential oil and its use as a sleep aid, calmative, fragrant, insect repellant and flavoring agent. This work is aimed at investigating, for the first time, the potential role of L. angustifolia in the management of metabolic syndrome (MetS), one of the major and escalating public-health and clinical challenge worldwide. Herein, the aerial parts of L. angustifolia, collected in June 2021 in the “Parco Nazionale del Pollino”, Southern Italy, were subjected to extraction by maceration with ethanol. Then, the total extract was partitioned with solvents at different polarity such as n-hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate. Extract and fractions were evaluated for their ability to inhibit alpha-glucosidase as well as lipase. The ethanol extract remarkably inhibited a-glucosidase and lipase (IC₅₀ of 2.55 and 30.50 microg/ml, respectively) better than the positive control acarbose and orlistat (IC₅₀ of 35.51 and 37.12 microg/ml, respectively). The most active fraction was dichloromethane with IC₅₀ of 14.67 and 17.64 mg/ml, against alpha-glucosidase and lipase, respectively. Taking into account obtained results, L. angustifolia could be used for formulation of new products; however, further preclinical studies will be needed to confirm its in vivo efficacy, as well as to prove the safety of the tested extracts and fractions.