Biosynthesis of nanoparticles. A brief review for potential biomedical applications.

Recent advances in nanomaterials and nanotechnology have been attracting intense attention worldwide due to their bright prospects in nanomedicine and other areas. The synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) is usually done by conventional techniques that produce a lot of harmful and toxic by-products. Therefore, greener ways are needed to develop eco-friendly, clean, and less toxic nanoparticles than conventional methods. In this paper, we present a brief review of recent advances in NP biosynthesis. We include a wide variety of plant, bacterial, fungal, algal, and viral species that have been used to synthesise NPs for biomedical applications.