Climate Change Impacts on Monsoon Flood situation in Pakistan

Floods may get lower or less frequent in certain regions due to climate change, while increasing rapidly or more frequent in other places. Changes in the intensity and frequency of heavy precipitation events may have an impact on the extent and occurrence of river flooding as warmer temperature cause more water to evaporate from the land and oceans (see the Heavy Precipitation Indicator). Flood patterns can also be impacted by variation in streamflow, the timing of snowmelt (see the Streamflow Indicator), and the quantity of snowfall that accumulates over the winter (see the Snowpack indicator). Due to the heavy monsoon rainfall cause the flood in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Sindh, and parts of Baluchistan, from the year 2010. Over 20 million people and over 20 % of Pakistan land area were impacted. 1985 people had loss the lives by the disaster. According to the world Bank, the country already faced significant nonagricultural water shortage threats before the floods. Water demand is expected to rise by about 60% in a high growth (4.9 percent per year) and high warming (3 degree Celsius by 2047) scenario due to increase the development of household and industrial sector. Up to 15% of this growth in demand will be caused by climate change. Additionally, climatic shocks like the recent floods will continue to make it more difficult for populations to secure clean water. Thirty-three percent of Pakistan was affected by the floods in 2022, affecting around 33million people. According to information provided by National Disaster Management Authority, 81 district in Sindh, Punjab, Baluchistan and KPK have been officially designated as “calamity affected” with around 1400 deaths on 14 June. According to this study, NDMA decided to take the step for the management of this flood extreme events and used the best water conservation strategies for save the life and reduce the disaster.