An Overview on Applications of Gemfibrozil Nano-formulation in Hyperlipidemia

Gemfibrozil is a benzene derivative of valeric acid that belongs to the class of medications known as fibrates. Its chemical name is 5-(2,5 dimethylphenoxy)-2,2-dimethylpentanoic acid. It has been the treatment of choice in clinical settings for hyperlipidemia (type III) and hypertriglyceridemia (type IV), and it has been shown to reduce serum triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol while increasing high density lipoprotein cholesterol by activating the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs), acting primarily on the PPARa isoform. Gemfibrozil’s effective absorption and bioavailability after oral administration are constrained by its small molecule size, poor water solubility (0.01 mg/mL), and slow rate of digestion. These factors are caused by the drug’s physicochemical characteristics. Gemfibrozil’s solubility may be increased by creating nano-specific drug delivery methods, such as nanocrystals or nanosuspensions or a lipid-based formulations. In the literature, the lipid-based drug delivery system has received substantial coverage for improving drug solubility, permeability, and bioavailability. Self-nano emulsified delivery systems (SNEDDS), for example, are lipid-based formulations that are supposed to improve lipophilic drug absorption. When gently stirred, SNEDDS, which are isotropic solutions of oil, surfactant, co-surfactant, and medicine, produce an oil-in-water emulsion in an aqueous environment. This review will demonstrate the techniques used to increase solubility and bioavailability of Gemfibrozil.