Development of a Density-Based Traffic Light Signal System

This presents a density-based traffic light signal system in which the timing of the signal changes automatically depends on the amount of traffic at each given intersection. Because traffic congestion is a serious issue on all of Ahmadu Bello University's gates, it is time to transition from a manual to an automated system with decision-making capabilities. The current traffic signalling system is based on a predetermined time schedule, which might be inefficient if one lane is operational while the others are not. A prototype for an intelligent traffic control system was created to solve this challenge. Higher traffic density on one side of the intersection may necessitate a longer green time than the regular permitted time. As a result, a process is in place in which the time periods for green and red lights are assigned based on the amount of traffic present at the time. Infrared (IR) sensors were used to do this. The microcontroller was used to allocate the glowing period of green lights once the density has been calculated (Arduino Uno). The sensors on one side of the road monitor the presence of vehicles and communicate the information to the microcontroller, which determines how long a flank will remain open or when the signal light will change. Also displayed is the operating principle of the density-based traffic signal control system, demonstrating the prototype's efficiency