Resistotyping of Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus from milk and milk products sold in Sabon-gari and Zaria Local Government Areas of Kaduna State, Nigeria.

This study investigated the resistotyping of Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus from milk and milk products sold in Sabon-gari and Zaria Local Government Areas of Kaduna State, Nigeria. A total of 122 isolates Salmonella spp. (65) and Staphylococcus aureus (57) were isolated from 400 milk and milk products. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing using the disc diffusion and E-test methods. The results obtained from the study indicated that 39 (31.967%) isolates were sensitive to all tested antibiotics, while 47 (38.525%) were resistant to a single antibiotic. 36 (29.508%) were resistant to two antibiotics, and none showed resistance to at least three antibiotics. None showed resistance to all four antibiotics. Resistance rate were most frequently observed in Tetracycline at 80 (65.574%), followed by Ampicillin at 39 (31.967%), Gentamicin, and Ciprofloxacin both at 00 (00.000%). After comparing with the CLSI and EUCAST breakpoints, the resistance rate with CLSI was Tetracycline at 104 (85.245%), followed by Ampicillin at 39 (66.393%), Ciprofloxacin at 14 (11.475%), and Gentamicin at 06 (04.918%). The resistance rate with EUCAST was Tetracycline at 122 (100.000%), followed by Ampicillin at 110 (90.164%), Ciprofloxacin at 88 (72.131%), and Gentamicin at 17 (13.934%). Based on these findings, it has shown that Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus found in milk and milk products within Sabon-gari and Zaria Local Government Areas have a high resistance to the antibiotics tested. It is imperative that urgent actions are taken to address the growing menace of AMR and prevent the spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens.