Multi-Drug Resistance in Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Escherichia coli isolates from selected cattle farms in Ibadan, Oyo State.

Introduction:
Antimicrobial resistance(AMR) has been recorded as a fast-growing One Health challenge globally.
Escherichia coli(E. coli) is one of the most deadly bacteria organisms. A mechanism through which E. coli builds resistance to antibiotics is by genetic mutation which has led to production of Extended Beta Lactamase enzymes. There is limited information on the occurrence of ESBL E. coli in cattle in Ibadan, Nigeria, hence the study.

Methods:
A total of 28 composite fresh feacal samples were collected from farms in four local government areas within Ibadan; Akinyele:7, Ibadan North:12, Ido:4, and Lagelu:5. Standard Microbiological methods were used for Isolation, Antibiotics sensitivity testing, and ESBL production.

Results:
A total of 22(78.6%) E. coli isolates were recovered and the result showed resistance to critically important antibiotics in ascending order; Streptomycin (0.00%), Meropenem (0.00%), Gentamicin (4.55%), Ceftazidime (18.8%), Sulphamethazole (22.73%), Cefotaxime (54.55%), Ampicillin (63.64%), Pefloxacin (81.82%), Amoxicillin-Clavulanic (100%). Of the 22 positive E. coli isolates, 8 (36.4%) were ESBL-producing and 17(60.7%) were Multi-drug resistant.

Discussion:
The ESBL enzymes share the ability to hydrolyze third-generation cephalosporins which makes ESBL-producing E. coli organisms exhibit resistance to antibiotics(especially the Cephalosporins).The presence of multidrug-resistant ESBL E. coli in Cattle in Ibadan was established. The results shows the possibility of AMR becoming a looming pandemic globally.

Conclusion and Recommendation:
Ensuring Antimicrobial stewardship and Prescription-based medication, Alternative therapies to Antibiotics and the adoption of a One health Collaborative approach are measures to preventing the AMR pandemic.