Attenuation of Haematological and Biochemical Alterations in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats by Ethanol Extract of Annona senegalensis Persoon (Annonaceae) Leaves

Chronic hyperglycemia brought on by abnormalities in insulin production, insulin action, or both is a typical symptom of diabetes mellitus. The study evaluated the ethanol leaves extract of A. senegalensis for its potential hypoglycaemic, anti-oxidative, and haematological activities in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Also, the effect of the extract on the lipid profile, liver, and kidney functions of the rats. Following diabetic induction and treatment of the rats, standard procedures were used in determining the red blood cell/erythrocytes count, white blood cell/leukocyte count, platelets, neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils, electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate), lipid profile parameters (total cholesterol, triacylglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and very-low-density lipoprotein, kidney, and liver function parameters (alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase activities, total protein, total bilirubin serum levels, creatinine, and urea serum levels). There was a reduction in the hyperglycaemic index and significant (p < 0.05) elevations in the antioxidant activity and haematological parameters. Na⁺ and high-density lipoprotein were respectively significantly (p < 0.05) reduced and elevated. There was a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the kidney and liver function parameters. The study allows for more studies, including elucidating the bioactive compounds responsible for the observed pharmacological effects.