An assessment of the chemical composition and physical parameters of Phaseolus vulgaris and Phaseolus lunatus beans

The European market in 2022 showed potential for common dry beans and their products. Consumers were interested in plant-based products that were high in protein, high in fibre, gluten-free, free of preservatives and additives and organic (1). The aim of the study was to evaluate the physical–chemical parameters of four colourful beans (Phaseolus vulgaris and Phaseolus lunatus) grown in Latvia, harvested in 2022, with an assessment of their future in pasta production. As a control sample we analysed white common beans from the local market. Standard methods were used for nutritional assessment, and the Kjeldal method for protein determination, ISO 6492 for lipids, AOAC 985.29 for total dietary fibre (TDF), ISO 2171:2007 for ash, ICC Standard No 110/1 for moisture determination and a calculation for carbohydrates were used. The energetic value was calculated using conversion factors according to (EU) No 1169/2011. For physical parameters, 1000 seed weight was determined using ISO 520:2010, bulk density according to LVS 275, and colour analysis using the CIE L*a*b* system. All experiments were carried out in three replicates; results were expressed as average value ± standard deviation. Generally, the quality of beans is assessed by protein content and seed coat colour. The results showed that biologically grown beans in Latvia as a raw material have high protein and TDF content. Phaseolus lunatus had the statistically highest TDF, ash content, colour brightness and bulk density compared with other samples, and also the energetic value was 21% of the reference intake of an average adult. In conclusion, beans grown biologically in Latvia could be potential raw materials to use in obtaining new products.