Synthesis, Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity of Sb₂O₃ Nanoparticles: A Step towards Environmental Sustainability

Introduction: Numerous nano-photocatalysts have been used to degrade toxic dyes for the wastewater remediation process. This paper focuses on characterizing Sb₂O₃ nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized via the solvothermal process. Ball-shaped morphology was obtained for the NPs, which is not usually reported. The photocatalytic activity was tested against Methylene Blue (MB) dye, which is associated with potential toxicity when used in high concentrations. Therefore, the purpose of the synthesis of the NPs was to know their role in environmental remediation.

Material and Methods: The fabrication of Sb₂O₃ NPs was carried out using the solvothermal process. All the chemicals used were of analytical grade.

Major results: Different analytical techniques were used for the characterization of the NPs. The NPs were found to be round. XRD (X-ray diffraction) patterns were recorded to measure the size and phase of the Sb₂O₃ NPs. The size of the NPs was around 20 nm as calculated using the Sherrer equation. Using the JCPDS data card (card number 00-003-0530), the sample was found to have an alpha phase of Sb₂O₃, indicating high purity. The NPs caused a 60% degradation of MB in 60 minutes under ultra-violet (UV) light irradiation. The dye was found to be adsorbed on the surface of the NPs.

Conclusion: The dye degradation activity of the NPs may be attributed to the high surface area and effective charge conversion ability along with their unique morphology. Therefore, the synthesized NPs could be used as nano-photocatalysts in wastewater treatment.