An energy-efficient routing technique based on concentric and progressive clusters for wireless sensor networks

Modern cities often have smart parking. Wireless sensor networks, which are used to identify, track, and gather information about the availability of every parking space in a specific region, are the main equipment used in these smart parking lots. A wireless sensor network is made up of sensors that can collect, process, and send data to the sink. Nonetheless, the quality and performance of the wireless sensor networks are impacted by the sensor’s power and communication constraints. The lifespan of the nodes and the wireless sensor network as a whole both decline as a result of the node’s declining batteries and energy. In order for the base station to receive data from the whole wireless sensor network, we offer a routing protocol in this paper that implements an effective and reliable algorithm that permits the establishment of clusters. This protocol uses an effective and dependable method that reduces sensor energy dissipation and lengthens the wireless sensor network's lifespan. The simulation results of the suggested protocol shows that it is efficient and reliable in terms of the power consumption, data transmission reliability, and durability of the wireless sensor network when compared to other parking lot management protocols that are currently in day-to-day use.