Mechanical and biological assessments of braided artificial tendons functionalized with cork extract.

The incidence of tendon ruptures has increased over the years, and represents one of the main causes of musculoskeletal injuries that occur annually due to high mechanical loads, degenerative processes, trauma, stretching, chronic overuse, inflammation, etc. In this investigation, a new approach using braids of different materials, namely biodegradable (lyocell and biodegradable polyester) and non-biodegradable (polyethylene terephthalate (PET)) materials functionalized with natural cork extract was explored. The cork extract was selected due to its biocompatibility and its properties of interest (antioxidants, antimicrobials, anti-inflammatory, antifungals, cell affinity, etc.). The mechanical characterization of the braids was carried out, and lyocell presented properties closer to accepted ranges: extension less than 10%, and tensile strength between 19 and 100 MPa. Loading of the cork extract into the bradding systems was evaluated in three ways: (1) dip coating; (2) surface activation with UV light followed by dip coating; and (3) binding through dopamine coating. The cork extract was found effective in preventing bacterial action and in promoting antioxidant activity. Collected data deemed the proposed strategy as promising for treating tendon lesions, thus improving the quality of life of affected patients. This innovative approach has the potential to revolutionize existing treatment methods, offering solutions for patients with tendon injuries.