Investigation of Gelatin-Based Nanofibers for Tissue Regeneration: Degradation and Water Absorption Properties

Nanofibers exhibit considerable potential as materials for tissue regeneration, owing to their adjustable characteristics and compatibility with biological systems. In the present investigation, nanofibers were prepared by dissolving 27% gelatin in a solvent combination consisting of 70% acetic acid (AcA) and 9% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in a ratio of 95:5. After that, the obtained gelatin scaffolds were crosslinked with 25% glutaraldehyde (GA) due to the poor mechanical properties of gelatin in a physiological environment.

The nanofiber's water absorption capacity and degradation rate were assessed to determine its suitability for prospective application in the field of wound healing. The degradation rate of the nanofibers was monitored for a duration of 21 days, during which degradation rates were evaluated at regular intervals of 7 days. Furthermore, an assessment of the capacity for water uptake was conducted for a duration of 7 days. The results showed that the degradation rate increased from 34.27% after 7 days to 74.39% by day 21, showing a progressive process of disintegration. In addition, the nanofibers demonstrated a notable capacity for water absorption, with absorption rates peaking at 437.38% on the initial day and thereafter stabilizing at 286.43% over a period of 7 days. The results of this study highlight the promise of crosslinked gelatin-based nanofibers as a viable option for tissue engineering purposes, specifically in the context of wound healing. This is due to their ability to exhibit controlled degradation and high water absorption, which are highly favorable characteristics. Additional research is necessary to examine the biocompatibility and in vivo performance of nanofibers to confirm their effectiveness and safety for use in clinical applications.