Cutting-Edge Bioink Technology: Using Decellularized Skin for Enhanced 3D Bioprinting

Introduction: Skin wounds present a considerable challenge, impacting millions globally. This research aimed to create a bioink utilizing lyophilized rat decellularized skin (DS) for 3D bioprinting to improve skin regeneration. Methods: Rat skin was subjected to decellularization for 5 days. A comparative analysis of genomic DNA quantification and histological staining was performed between native and decellularized skin. The tissue was freeze-dried and combined with alginate and gelatin to formulate bioinks with concentrations of 1.5% and 3% DS, 3% or 4% alginate, and 7% gelatin. Rheological evaluations, including swelling, printability, and degradation over a four-week period, were conducted. Hydrogel SEM images were obtained using a scanning electron microscope. Cell viability and proliferation were assessed using the Live/Dead assay.

Results: The hydrogel demonstrated good shear-thinning behavior and maintained its viscosity across different concentrations. The degradation rate was 59,2% in one month. Swelling was 3783% after one month. Only the bioink with 1.5% DS, 3% alginate, and 7% gelatin preserved structural integrity for four weeks and was chosen for further examination. Furthermore, the bioink showed a low tangent delta, decreasing printing-related stress and subsequent cell death. SEM images revealed a porous three-dimensional structure. The Live/Dead assay indicated higher cell viability (65%) compared to the control seven days post-bioprinting.

Conclusion: The biomaterial showed good mechanical properties and, after bioprinting, supported cell proliferation, indicating its potential as a promising alternative for skin wound regeneration.

Funding: The Office of Naval Research Global (ONRG Award N62909-21-1-2026), The National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine (INCT-Regenera) and The Stem Cell Research Institute (IPCT).