Optimization of gravitational water vortex turbine design using Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation analysis

Gravitational Water Vortex Power Plants (GWVPPs) are an innovative and sustainable energy solution that harnesses the kinetic energy of water vortices created in basin structures, which can be either cylindrical or conical. This study aims to enhance the performance of the vortex turbine, a critical component of GWVPPs, by optimizing its design parameters. In this study, we used the conical basin structure. The research was conducted using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics, focusing on various configurations of the turbine blades. Specifically, we analyzed the effects of blade length, blade inclination angle, and turbine height on the turbine's efficiency and flow behavior. Through detailed simulation studies, we observed that the performance of the vortex turbine is significantly influenced by these parameters. The optimal configuration was found to be a blade inclination angle of 8 degrees, a blade length of 28 cm, and a turbine height of 35 cm. This configuration achieved the highest efficiency, reaching up to 55%. The simulation results provide valuable insights into the relationship between the turbine's geometric design and its performance metrics, highlighting the potential of GWVPPs as a low-cost, environmentally friendly power generation option. This study's findings contribute to the advancement of renewable energy technologies by demonstrating the feasibility and efficiency of using optimized vortex turbines in GWVPPs, thereby supporting sustainable energy initiatives.