Evaluating the antidiabetic potential of Java seed-enriched bread in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Diabetes mellitus (DM), a metabolic disorder, is characterized by the body's reduced ability to respond to endocrine hormones to maintain blood glucose levels within normal limits. DM comprises three subtypes: Type 1 diabetes (T1DM), Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and gestational diabetes. Type 2 diabetes, which accounts for 90% of diabetes cases, is predominantly associated with nutrition. In this study, wheat bread supplemented with Java seed (Syzygium cumini) powder was prepared by adding 15% Java seed powder to the standard bread recipe. This fortified bread was evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively to assess its potential therapeutic impact on DM by regulating blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. A 35-day therapeutic trial was conducted on 20 male Wister rats, divided into five groups: G0 (non-diabetic: control diet), G1 (diabetic: control diet), G2 (diabetic: 25% replacement of normal diet with Java seed-supplemented bread), G3 (diabetic: 50% replacement of normal diet with Java seed-supplemented bread), and G4 (diabetic: 75% replacement of normal diet with Java seed-supplemented bread). The study results demonstrated that the inclusion of Java seed-supplemented bread in the diet of diabetic rats resulted in significantly faster and more promising health outcomes. The results for G4 and G3 were closely aligned with normal values for nearly all biomarkers, including body weight, diabetic biomarkers, lipid profile, and liver and renal function tests. These findings underscore the potential of Java seed in managing DM. Additionally, while the treatment of DM solely with medication may prolong the disease, incorporating Java seed bread alongside medication may expedite the recovery process. Consequently, Java seed can be effectively incorporated into various food products to help control diabetes and other related diseases.