Early diagnostic markers of nephropathy with hypertensive disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

In this study, we tried to assess whether the existing diagnostic criteria for chronic kidney disease are insufficient for practice and whether new early laboratory markers of chronic kidney disease exist. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an umbrella term that indicates damaged kidney tissue, regardless of etiological origin. Based on several large studies, experts have come to the decision that albuminuria is a high risk factor for death in cardiac and renal diseases, diabetes, and arterial hypertension. The participants in this study were divided into three groups based on the main etiological causes of chronic kidney disease: the first group comprised those with hypertension, the second group comprised those with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the third group comprised those with comorbid conditions of these diseases. They were subjected to standard and special laboratory analyses, and the results of the analyses were compared. In the patients, nephrinuria and aldosterone in the blood were determined, indicating kidney podocyte dysfunction, as well as collagen IV, indicating tubulointerstitial dysfunction, and these were compared with the standard diagnostic indicator albuminuria, and inter-group differences were assessed. It can be concluded that in all three groups, microalbuminuria did not serve as a predictor of chronic kidney disease, but it has now been replaced by more reliable urine nephrinuria and collagen IV analyses.