Green and Efficient Synthesis of New Imidazoles Derivatives.

Imidazole, an organic compound with a five-membered ring structure composed of three carbon atoms and two nitrogen atoms at non-adjacent positions, is renowned for its basicity and nucleophilicity. These properties make imidazole a useful ligand in coordination chemistry and a participant in various organic reactions, including alkylation, acylation, and nucleophilic substitution. As a key building block in many biologically active molecules, imidazole is found in essential biomolecules such as histidine and histamine. Imidazoles represent the largest class of heterocyclic compounds. These versatile molecules are amphoteric, meaning they can react as both acids and bases. Imidazole derivatives, long recognized for their significance, have recently garnered significant interest due to their applications in diverse fields. These compounds exhibit a wide range of biological properties, including antitubercular, antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. The extensive biological significance of imidazole derivatives has driven organic chemists to develop numerous synthetic techniques to produce these compounds efficiently. In this context, we present an efficient and straightforward method for synthesizing a variety of tetra-substituted imidazoles under solvent-free conditions. This innovative approach not only simplifies the synthetic process but also aligns with green chemistry principles by minimizing the use of hazardous solvents and reducing environmental impact.