Phytochemical characterization of various extracts types of three Tunisian plant species: Quercus ilex, Quercus coccifera and Pinus pinea

Tunisia presents a very rich potential in flora because its geological and climatic characteristics. For this reason, continuous efforts are exerted to more explore the species known for their medicinal virtues. Our study aims to determine and compare the phytochemical content and biological activity of various extracts types issued from three Tunisian species: Quercus ilex and Quercus coccifera (harvested from El KEF Governorate), and Pinus pinea (harvested from Nabeul Governorate) at February 2021.

Estimation of the yields of different types of phenolic compounds extraction by aqueous and methanolic macerations is realised. It appears that methanolic extraction is the best technique for extracting total polyphenols compounds and flavonoids, while aqueous one is more effective for condensed tannins extraction.

Data reveals that Quercus ilex specie contains the largest amounts of total polyphenols compounds and flavonoids. Whereas, Pinus pinea presents the highest content of condensed tannins. More that, the large amounts of organic osmolytes (total soluble sugars and proline) is detected in Pinus pinea specie. Evaluation of anti-radical activities by DPPH and ABTS tests of the different extracts and essential oils, shows that the different species are endowed with antioxidant activity. Nevertheless, it should be noted that the foliar extract also the essential oils of Pinus pinea show the highest antioxidant activity compared to Quercus ilex and Quercus coccifera.

It is concluded that the different Tunisian species subjected to our study, show very important phytochemical characteristics as well as biological activities.