Sociodemographic Profile of Persian Lime (Citrus latifolia Tanaka) Producers and the Use of Organic Fertilizers in the Central Citrus Region of Veracruz State, Mexico

The production of citrus, particularly Persian lime (Citrus latifolia Tanaka), is crucial for Mexico's economy, standing out due to its high demand in both local and international markets. Mexico is the second-largest producer of lime globally, with the state of Veracruz being the national leader in production. Although conventional cultivation relies on chemical fertilizers, organic production has gained significance due to its environmental and health benefits.

The study was conducted in the central region of Veracruz between January 2022 and March 2023, covering the municipalities of Cuitláhuac, Cotaxtla, Carrillo Puerto, Tlalixcoyan, and Tierra Blanca. A total of 119 producers participated, located through a citrus cooperative. A structured questionnaire was applied to gather data on the producers' profiles, orchard characteristics, and the use of organic fertilizers. Statistical analysis was performed using R software, employing Chi-squared tests to assess the relationship between sociodemographic variables and the use of organic fertilizers.

The producers' profile indicates that 83% are men, predominantly between 31 and 60 years old, with the majority having a high school education (45%). Additionally, 22% of producers implement technological packages. Most orchards are small, with 76% ranging from 1 to 5 hectares, and the plantations are young (71% being 1 to 3 years old). Regarding organic fertilization practices, 66% use sulfocalcic broth and supermagro, while 61% employ bovine compost. Producers with higher educational levels and access to technical assistance showed a greater tendency to apply organic fertilizers.

Persian lime production in Veracruz is primarily in the hands of small producers with young orchards. Although conventional methods dominate, there is a growing inclination towards more sustainable practices, which could promote greater sustainability in Persian lime production in Veracruz, Mexico.