Sensor ensemble for patient stress monitoring using CNT-based temperature sensor and GSR sensor

Introduction: This study presents the fabrication of a carbon nanotube-based temperature sensor and the development of a multiparameter patient monitoring system. The system integrates the temperature sensor with a galvanic skin response (GSR) sensor to monitor temperature, breath rate, and electrolyte profile, providing insights into the patient’s stress and physiological status.

Methods: The temperature sensor is fabricated using a stencil-printing method on a paper-based substrate, followed by encapsulation and calibration for temperature detection. The sensor is integrated into a system built around an Arduino Nano microcontroller, combined with a GSR module. The setup, designed as a chest band, includes an extended temperature sensor embedded in the patient’s mask for breath monitoring. Data on skin conductivity, temperature, and breath rate are wirelessly transmitted via a Bluetooth module.

Results: The carbon nanotube-based sensor demonstrated successful temperature detection, and the GSR sensor effectively monitored changes in skin resistance, indicating electrolyte levels. The system transmitted all collected data wirelessly, validating its functionality for real-time monitoring.

Conclusions: The developed system offers a simple yet effective solution for patient monitoring, particularly in settings lacking advanced equipment. By wirelessly tracking body temperature, breath rate, and electrolyte profile, it provides essential data for assessing patient stress and overall health, improving accessibility and patient comfort.