Performance Enhancement of Energy Charging Stations Through Zeta Converter Integration in Bidirectional V2G Technology

Battery-operated electric vehicles store energy during the charging from the grid. This stored battery energy is extensively used for driving the vehicle, known as the grid-to-vehicle (G2V) technology. However, the battery storage energy is not utilized when the vehicles are parked in the parking lot. To utilize this energy, vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology is introduced, where the stored battery energy will supply the grid when the vehicles are not in drive. This can reduce the burden on the utility grid. During the power transition from G2V and V2G, the transient and switching losses are present in the system. This can affect the grid-side parameters (namely frequency, real power, reactive power, and inverter current) and converter-side parameters (namely converter output voltage, converter switching losses, and SOC of the battery). To overcome this problem and to improve the performance of the system, this paper proposes the integration of a DC/DC zeta converter. The effectiveness of this integration is verified under various test conditions and is compared with the results of the conventional buck-boost converter. From the simulation results, it is observed that when the system is operating in G2V mode, the output voltage and frequency are settled very quickly at 0.035 sec and 0.12 sec respectively and the ripple voltage is reduced by 120 V, with the proposed converter. Similarly, in V2G mode, the output ripple voltage is reduced by 10V and the response quickly settles compared to conventional converter. In the overall operation, the converter switching losses are minimized, thereby improving the entire system's performance. From all these findings, it is recommended that the DC/DC zeta converter integration in V2G and G2V systems leads to superior and fast charging/discharging of the energy.