The optimization of processes of electrochemical synthesis of ortho- and para-hydroxybenzoic acids in the presence of CO2

The electrochemical synthesis of ortho- and para-hydroxybenzoic acids (HBAs) using CO₂ presents a sustainable alternative to traditional methods. These acids, essential intermediates in the production of pharmaceuticals such as aspirin and in polymer manufacturing, are typically synthesized through energy-intensive processes. Given increasing concerns over carbon emissions, optimizing electrochemical approaches that incorporate CO₂ as a reactant is vital for improving both economic and environmental sustainability. This study focuses on optimizing the electrochemical synthesis of ortho- and para-HBAs in CO₂-saturated environments, aiming to enhance reaction efficiency, and selectivity, and reduce energy consumption. Cyclic voltammetry and constant potential electrolysis were employed, with various electrode materials tested to improve process efficiency. Results indicate that electrode material significantly influences both product selectivity and reaction efficiency. Platinum electrodes exhibited a 15% higher current efficiency and favored para-hydroxybenzoic acid, while carbon-based electrodes showed a 20% increased selectivity for ortho-hydroxybenzoic acid. Additionally, CO₂ improved the electrochemical environment by stabilizing radical intermediates and reducing overpotential by 30%. These findings suggest that utilizing CO₂ as a reactant not only enhances the sustainability of the process but also improves overall performance. In conclusion, this work offers a promising route for the electrochemical synthesis of hydroxybenzoic acids with reduced environmental impact. Further studies should focus on scaling the process and optimizing electrode materials to facilitate industrial applications, contributing to a greener chemical industry.