Key players in the adsorption process: engineered adsorbent surfaces for cleaner water

A clean water source is essential for the continuity of the vital activities of all living things in the world. However, water pollution has become a global problem that threatens all living and non-living ecosystems. In response to this problem, both proven and alternative technologies have been used recently for the treatment of wastewater. Among these technologies, the adsorption method has gained popularity as it is a simple and environmentally friendly, highly effective method. The main role of the method is the adsorbents used, especially the different designed adsorbents obtained from waste materials and their surfaces come to the fore. The main goal in designing or modifying is to increase adsorption capacity by improving properties such as specific surface area, pore distribution and modification ability. The main purpose of this research is to evaluate the surface and functional structures of materials such as tuff, olive stone, coffee waste and date waste. In many studies, these materials are modified in terms of their surface structure to ensure the removal of different pollutants. In order to investigate the surface structure and chemistry of the adsorbents selected in the study, including functional groups, analyses were performed with Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).