Evaluation of Corncob Pellets: Drying Methods, Densification, and Energy Potential

Growing concerns about environmental pollution and climate change are driving the use and research of renewable energy sources. One possible solution is the use of biofuel derived from agricultural waste. Corn is one of the primary crops grown in the agricultural sector, generating large amounts of waste after harvesting and industrial use. This study focuses on the drying of corncobs, the evaluation of their properties before densification into pellets, the densification process, and the assessment of their suitability for energy needs.

The research found no significant difference between drying with active ventilation in a dryer and drying under outdoor conditions. The optimal moisture content for the pellets is 12.39%, with a compression coefficient of 3.43±0.011, and the highest pellet density of 1012.96 ±3.35 kg/m³. The change in pellet density at optimal moisture content is minimal at 0.78%. The compression coefficient of pellets produced using a granulator with a horizontal matrix is 9.75% higher than those made with a laboratory automatic press. The lower heating value of corncobs is 17.35 ± 0.14 MJ/kg, with an ash content of 1.78 ± 0.24%. The produced pellets are sufficiently durable and suitable for combustion. This study can help better understand the properties of corncobs and their potential in the energy sector. By mastering preparation techniques and optimizing raw material moisture during compaction, as well as through ongoing research, biofuel preparation technologies can be refined to enhance efficiency, reduce production costs, and minimize environmental impact.