Paradigms in the Environmental State Systems of the SEA region: Stepping Up Interventions on SDG3, SDG14, and SDG15

Environmental state systems play a major role in environmental conservation and biodiversity preservation. The lack of policy-wide interventions across ASEAN countries, along with the proliferation of "built environment" scenarios, has created invisible conflict with wildlife and biodiversity hotspots. For a long period of time since the establishment of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), there has been no accelerated process for fixing regulatory practices as environmental states are often contested or there may be a lack of collaborative action among multi-stakeholders. This work assesses the developments and foreground of the rationale for more conscious planning concerning the ecological environment, including enhancing the governance landscape. The methodology in this research incorporates a scenario analysis and phenomena assessment across diverse ASEAN countries such as Malaysia and Indonesia. The assessment in this study highlights the saddening scenario of health threats to wildlife, ecological systems, and marine systems. Additionally, the built environment conditions in SEA further expedite the transitioning of climate change effects and other potential diseases due to a lack of hygiene or care for safety. Environmental state systems are perceived to be a useful concept in this study to forward agendas where health, well-being, and equity for wildlife, biodiversity, or human–nature systems are effectively managed. This work will be useful for interdisciplinary scientists, researchers, and scholars studying environmental policy subjects.