Exploring Lifestyle Factors Contributing to Osteoarthritis in the UAE: Assessing Risk Awareness and Prevention Behaviors in Adult Populations

Abstract

Background
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disorder impacting populations worldwide. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), urbanization, sedentary lifestyles, and dietary habits have contributed to its growing prevalence. This study aims to assess public awareness of OA and its preventive measures in the UAE to identify knowledge gaps and emphasize the need for targeted educational interventions to promote healthier lifestyle choices.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered online questionnaire distributed across various internet platforms. The questionnaire included demographic data, factors influencing OA prevention knowledge, and awareness of OA prevention methods and risk factors. A total of 394 individuals from the UAE participated. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 29.

Results
Among the 394 participants, 45.4% were aged 18–29, with a balanced gender distribution. Most were Arab non-Emiratis (57.4%), and 57.6% held undergraduate degrees. While 44.2% had low knowledge of OA, 21.8% were highly aware. Nearly all (95.7%) recognized OA as a joint disorder, and 73.6% understood the role of healthy weight in prevention, though misconceptions were present: 27.9% incorrectly believed OA affects both genders equally, and 22.8% attributed OA to weather. Awareness of advanced treatments was limited (38.8% knew about intra-articular injections). Significant associations were found between OA knowledge and age, ethnicity, education level, employment, and income.

Conclusion
Public awareness of OA and its preventive measures in the UAE is limited, with common misconceptions. Enhanced public education on OA is crucial, along with further research to assess the knowledge of this condition in the region.