Fungal Pathogenesis in Bovine (Bos Taurus indicus) Mastitis: Therapeutic Protocol With Ethno Veterinary Formulation

Bovine are susceptible to various infections caused by a variety of pathogens. Due to their low immunity or poor hygiene conditions, they succumb to diseases, contributing to an important set of problems. These include animal welfare, productivity losses, uncertain food security, and loss of income and health. Fungal diseases with respect to their correlation to infection have not been explored.

In this study, we aimed to understand the effects of fungi in bovine by extracting and analyzing blood and milk samples from infected mastitis, as well as evaluating the rate of growth, general topography, reverse pigmentation, and microscopic examination for mycelial studies and slide culture. Mycelial studies will be performed to further identify these fungi. The fungal culture slide will be prepared by the tease mount technique using methylene blue stain. The slides will then be analyzed to characterize the fungi. Identification will be performed according to the guidelines recommended by Larone.

The research methodology used will benefit the farmers by reducing the cost on herbal medicine and the treatment of fungal pathogenesis by lowering the price of treatment and medication. Comparatively, in regular treatment checks, it takes 5-7 days for treatment and 7 days for recovery, whereas ethno veterinary formulations take 5 days and recovery takes 3 days.

This study shows that when bovine are infected with diseases such as mastitis, they can also succumb to opportunistic pathogens that are commensal. Due to their weakened immune system, during an infection, these fungal pathogens can take advantage and cause pathogenesis in bovine. This is the first study on the opportunistic pathogenesis of fungal pathogens during an infection in bovine. Further studies have to be carried out in order to study the mechanisms and roles involved in pathogenesis.