Soybean crop as affected by beneficial microorganisms

An alternative for more sustainable agriculture is the cultivation of soybeans in agricultural systems that include multifunctional microorganisms, as well as the diversification of crops in these agricultural systems. The objective of this work was to determine the production and carry out an economic analysis of soybeans affected by the inoculation of beneficial microorganisms, the application of phosphorus, and the previous crop. The field experiment was conducted for two agricultural crops at Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, in randomized blocks, in a 2x2x4 factorial scheme with four replications. The treatments were composed of a combination of four uses of multifunctional microorganisms (Burkholderia sp. (BRM 32111), Serratia sp. (BRM 63523), Bacillus sp. (BRM 63524), and the control (without microorganisms), with two levels of phosphorus, 50 % (45 kg ha^-1 of P₂O₅) and 100% (90 kg ha^-1 of P₂O₅) of the recommended dose, and two agricultural systems (soy/rice/common beans or soy/corn/common beans) cultivated in the summer (Nov–Jan). Corn or rice were cultivated in the off-season (Jan–May), and common beans were cultivated in the winter (Jun–Sep). The use of rhizobacteria BRM 32111 and BRM 63523 resulted in the highest soybean crop yields. This management not only maximized crop productivity but also provided the highest economic returns compared to other treatments. In addition, the cultivation of rice in the off-season, combined with the use of phosphate-solubilizing rhizobacteria, shows significant potential as a sustainable agricultural practice. This integrated system can help reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and improve the nutritional efficiency of crops, promoting agroecological sustainability.