Pulmonary mycobacterium chimaera intracellulare: a rare case report

Abstract:

We report a rare case of pulmonary Mycobacterium chimaera intracellulare infection in a 69-year-old female with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis. The patient presented with chronic cough, weight loss, and shortness of breath and was successfully treated with a combination of antibiotics.

Introduction:

Mycobacterium chimaera intracellulare is a rare and emerging pathogen that can cause pulmonary disease, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. We present a case of pulmonary Mycobacterium chimaera intracellulare infection in a 69-year-old female with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Case Presentation:

A 69-year-old female with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis presented to our hospital with a 3-month history of chronic cough, weight loss, and shortness of breath. Chest imaging revealed bilateral lung nodules and cavitations. Sputum samples were positive for Mycobacterium chimaera intracellulare, confirmed by molecular testing.

Treatment and Outcome:

The patient was treated with a combination of antibiotics, including clarithromycin, rifampicin, and ethambutol. She showed significant clinical improvement, with a resolution of symptoms and radiographic findings. The patient was treated for 12 months, with regular follow-up appointments to monitor her progress.

Discussion:

This case highlights the importance of considering Mycobacterium chimaera intracellulare in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary infections, particularly in patients with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent disease progression and improve outcomes.

Conclusion:

Pulmonary Mycobacterium chimaera intracellulare infection is a rare but important diagnosis to consider in patients with pulmonary symptoms and a history of tuberculosis. Prompt treatment with antibiotics can lead to significant clinical improvement and a resolution of symptoms.